Muva nje, iphepha elishicilelwe yiphephabhuku lezokwelapha eligunyaziwe lamazwe ngamazwe elithi "The Lancet Public Health" (The Lancet Public Health) liveze ukuthi cishe ama-20% abantu besilisa abadala baseShayina babulawa ugwayi.
Umfanekiso: Iphepha lashicilelwa kuThe Lancet-Public Health
Lolu cwaningo lusekelwe uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe waseChina nezinye izikhungo, oholwa ithimba labacwaningi likaSolwazi Chen Zhengming wase-University of Oxford, uSolwazi Wang Chen weChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, kanye noSolwazi Li Liming weSikole Somphakathi. Impilo yasePeking University.Lolu wucwaningo lokuqala olukhulu lukazwelonke e-China lokuhlola ngokuhlelekile ubudlelwano phakathi kokubhema kanye nezifo zesistimu.Bangu-510,000 abantu abadala baseShayina abalandelwe iminyaka eyi-11.
Ucwaningo luhlaziye ubudlelwano phakathi kukagwayi nezifo ezingama-470 kanye nezimbangela zokufa ezingama-85, lwathola ukuthi eChina, ugwayi uhlobene kakhulu nezifo ezingama-56 kanye nezimbangela zokufa ezingama-22.Ubuhlobo obufihliwe phakathi kwezifo eziningi nogwayi abunakucatshangwa.Ababhemayo bayazi ukuthi bangase baphathwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngenxa yokubhema, kodwa bangase bangacabangi ukuthi izimila zabo, ukopha ebuchosheni, isifo sikashukela, ulwelwesi lwamehlo, izifo zesikhumba, ngisho nezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nezifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane kungase kuhlobene nogwayi.ezihlobene.
Idatha ibonisa ukuthi phakathi kwezihloko zocwaningo (iminyaka yobudala esukela ku-35-84 ubudala), cishe u-20% wamadoda kanye no-3% wabesifazane babulawa ugwayi.Cishe wonke ugwayi eShayina udliwa amadoda, futhi ucwaningo lubikezela ukuthi amadoda azalwa ngemva kuka-1970 ayoba iqembu elithinteka kakhulu ekulimaleni kukagwayi.“Njengamanje cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezinsizwa zaseShayina ziyabhema, futhi eziningi zazo ziqala ukubhema ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-20. Ngaphandle kwalapho ziyeka ukubhema, cishe ingxenye yazo ekugcineni izobulawa izifo ezihlukahlukene ezibangelwa ukubhema.”USolwazi Li Liming wasePeking University uthe engxoxweni.
Ukuyeka ukubhema kuseduze, kodwa kuyinkinga enzima.Ngokombiko we-Guangming Daily wango-2021, izinga lokuhluleka kwabantu ababhemayo baseShayina "abayeke ukuyeka" ngamandla kuphela liphezulu kakhulu lifinyelela ku-90%.Nokho, ngokwanda kolwazi olufanele, abanye ababhemayo bazokhetha imitholampilo yokuyeka ukubhema, kanti abanye ababhemayo bazoshintshela kugwayi we-electronic.
Ngokwewebhusayithi esemthethweni kahulumeni waseBrithani,i-e-cigarettesizoba usizo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lokuyeka ukubhema kwababhemayo baseBrithani ngo-2022. Iphepha locwaningo elanyatheliswa ku-"The Lancet-Public Health" ngoJulayi 2021 libonise ngokusobala ukuthi izinga lempumelelo lokusebenzisa i-e-cigarette ukusiza ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuvamile li-5% -10% ephakeme kunaleyo "yokuyeka okomile", futhi lapho ukulutheka okukhulu kokubhema, kukhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-e-cigarettes ukusiza ukuyeka ukubhema.Izinga lempumelelo lokuyeka ukubhema liphakeme.
Umfanekiso: Ucwaningo luholwa yisikhungo socwaningo lomdlavuza saseMelika esaziwayo "i-Moffitt Cancer Research Center".Abacwaningi bazosabalalisa izincwadi zesayensi ezidumile ukusiza ababhemayo baqonde kahle ugwayi we-e
I-Cochrane Collaboration, inhlangano yezemfundo yezokwelapha egunyaziwe emhlabeni wonke, ikhiphe imibiko ye-5 eminyakeni engu-7, efakazela ukuthi i-e-cigarettes inomphumela wokuyeka ukubhema, futhi umphumela ungcono kunezinye izindlela zokuyeka ukubhema.Ekubuyekezweni kwayo kocwaningo lwakamuva olushicilelwe ngoSepthemba 2021, iveze ukuthi izifundo ezingama-50 zochwepheshe ezenziwa kubantu abadala ababhemayo abangaphezu kuka-10,000 emhlabeni jikelele zafakazela ukuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi uyithuluzi elisebenzayo lokuyeka ukubhema."Ukuvumelana kwesayensi ngogwayi we-elekthronikhi ukuthi, nakuba kungenangozi ngokuphelele, ayingozi kakhulu kunogwayi," kusho uJamie Hartmann-Boyce we-Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group, omunye wababhali abahamba phambili bokubuyekezwa.
Umphumela wokunciphisa umonakalo weugwayi electronicnayo iqinisekiswe ngokuqhubekayo.Ngo-Okthoba 2022, ithimba labacwaningi leSikole Sekhemisi sase-Sun Yat-sen University lashicilela iphepha elithi ngethamo elifanayo le-nicotine, i-e-cigarette aerosol ayinabungozi kangako ohlelweni lokuphefumula kunentuthu kagwayi.Sithatha njengesibonelo izifo zokuphefumula, iphepha elanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini elaziwa kakhulu elithi “Inqubekela-phambili Ekwelapheni Izifo Ezingamahlalakhona” ngo-Okthoba 2020 laveza ukuthi ababhemayo abaphethwe isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuphefumula kwamaphaphu (COPD) bashintshela ku-e-cigarettes, okunganciphisa. ubunzima besifo cishe ngama-50%.Kodwa-ke, lapho abasebenzisi baka-e-cigarette bebuyela kugwayi, ngokwesiphetho socwaningo esikhishwe yi-Boston University ngoMeyi 2022, ingozi yabo yokuhefuzela, ukukhwehlela nezinye izimpawu izophindeka kabili.
“Uma kucatshangelwa umphumela obambezelekile (wokulimala kukagwayi), usuwonke umthwalo wezifo obangelwa ukubhema phakathi kwamaShayina abesilisa abadala ababhemayo esikhathini esizayo uzoba mkhulu kakhulu kunezilinganiso zamanje.”Umlobi waleli phephandaba wathi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula ukubhema nokuyeka ukubhema ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kusindiswe ukuphila kwabantu abaningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-20-2023
